FLock.io
Decentralised AI training via federated learning on Base. NeurIPS-awarded, EF-granted. 11.9M FLOCK in protocol fees over 10 months from 16 training tasks. Academic rigour meets early-stage commercial traction.
NeurIPS-awarded federated learning meets blockchain. 11.9M FLOCK in protocol fees from a small number of tasks. The academic credentials hold up; the question is whether 16 training tasks in 10 months becomes 1,600.
- + Academic credentials: NeurIPS awards, Oxford team, Ethereum Foundation grant, CB Insights AI 100
- + FLock reports 11.9M FLOCK in protocol fees from Base contracts, roughly 740,000 FLOCK per task
- + UNDP SDG Blockchain Accelerator AI Strategic Partner status and Moorfields Eye Hospital healthcare pilot
- − Only 16 training tasks completed in 10 months; task creation still centralised to the team
- − More than half of supply still locked; significant multi-year dilution ahead
- − FL Alliance, the core privacy-preserving layer, is still in testnet
FLock.io has strong academic foundations (NeurIPS, Ethereum Foundation grant) and a federated learning architecture inherently designed for data privacy. However, task creation is centralised, core platform code is partially closed-source, governance is more described than demonstrated, and FL Alliance (the key privacy layer) is not yet in production.
Infrastructure decentralisation11/20
196 training nodes, 262 validators — genuine multi-party training. However, task creation remains centralised to the FLock team. FL Alliance (federated learning layer) still in testnet. Smart contracts on Base inherit Ethereum security.
Governance decentralisation9/20 Check pending
DAO governance described in docs with weighted/quadratic voting. In practice, team controls task creation, protocol upgrades, and treasury. Decentralisation plan was due Q2 2025 — no evidence it was published. Governance more described than demonstrated.
“FLock token holders are empowered to actively engage in the system’s governance through a DAO, a pivotal mechanism that democratises decision-making process.” source →
Stage G0 on the contract that matters most to holders. The FLOCK token's upgrade path runs through ProxyAdmin 0xb6523d5d33d29a7e6573330310e3f0e6157e9f06 to a single Safe v1.4.1, 0x6052279aa6BF2E145eDafC7042A9BD6b4A80d31f, threshold 2 of 3, with no timelock and no on-chain governance contract in the path. Two of three signers can replace the token implementation, the supply cap and the blacklist logic with no delay and no on-chain notice. Signer identities are not published. Followed the admin slot to the ProxyAdmin, read its owner, and classified that owner by codesize and Safe getters rather than assuming from the address. Scope stated deliberately: this covers the token contract only, so the broader 'FLock is DAO-governed' claim stays open on the training and staking contracts, which were not enumerated this session. Verdict human-set.
Check pending FLock presents this as its initial high-level vision for a DAO, subject to change ahead of launch, so it is graded as intent. Today no governance contract sits in the token's upgrade path, which a 2-of-3 Safe holds with no timelock (stage G0). The statement becomes checkable when FLock launches the DAO.
Token distribution fairness10/15 Established
66.7% community vs 33.3% team/investors — good ratio. 1-year cliff + 2-year linear vest for team. Community tokens minted over 60 months with decay. 5% airdrop to testnet participants. ~31.5% circulating after 14 months — moderate unlock pace.
Ten addresses hold about three quarters of FLOCK on Base, or about 45% once infrastructure is excluded, and the largest holder is an unlabelled wallet. Measured on 2026-09-18 across 105,610 holders on the Base leg: the top ten hold 76.46% of supply raw and 44.76% once infrastructure addresses are excluded, with 35.46% in infrastructure and 6 of the top ten unlabelled. FLOCK also has an Ethereum leg; summing legs would double-count any holder present on both, so this is one leg named as such. No labelled insider (Safe or vesting) contract sits in the top ten. sources/holders.py: top holders + labels, classified holder/insider/infra/cex/burn; the upgradeable proxy + labelled CEX hot wallets excluded as neutral infra. Concentration = raw balance / total_supply.
Established Moderate concentration on the infra-excluded basis. The largest holder is a 28.95% unlabelled externally owned account (0xF35C…); if it is a team, treasury or foundation wallet, the reading moves toward high concentration, so it is flagged for a funding trace at review. FLock's published 1:2 split between team and investors and the community is an allocation plan, which this holder read does not test.
Censorship resistance8/15 Established
Federated learning design means data never leaves participants' devices — strong privacy architecture. But the FLOCK token contract is NOT immutable: it is a transparent proxy upgradeable by a 2-of-3 Safe with no timelock, and it carries an admin-gated blacklist that blocks transfers. However, task creation is centralised and API Platform is team-operated — single points of control.
The FLOCK token carries an admin blacklist that can stop a holder moving tokens, and a 2-of-3 Safe can replace its logic through an upgradeable proxy. FLOCK carries an admin-gated blacklist: the verified implementation declares mapping(address => bool) private _blacklist with events Blacklisted and Unblacklisted, exposes addBatchToBlacklist(address[]) and removeBatchFromBlacklist(address[]) both onlyAdmin, and overrides transfer to check it, so an admin can stop a holder moving their tokens. The contract is also upgradeable: it is a transparent proxy whose EIP-1967 admin slot points at ProxyAdmin 0xb6523d5d33d29a7e6573330310e3f0e6157e9f06, owned by 0x6052279aa6BF2E145eDafC7042A9BD6b4A80d31f, a Safe v1.4.1 with a threshold of 2 of 3 and no timelock. Two signatures replace the token logic instantly. Read the proxy's implementation and admin slots, resolved the ProxyAdmin's owner and classified it by codesize plus Safe getters, then read the blacklist declarations and their modifiers out of the verified implementation source. Whether the blacklist has ever been used is NOT established: Base log history is not available on our Etherscan plan, so the Blacklisted event history was not retrieved. The capability is the finding; usage is the open check. Scope is the token contract, not FLock's training or staking contracts, which were not enumerated. Verdict human-set.
Established Scope is the token contract, not FLock's training or staking contracts. FLock's training-layer privacy design is a separate question and is untouched by this.
Data sovereignty10/15
Core value proposition: data stays with owners, only model updates shared. FL Alliance designed for privacy-preserving training. Healthcare demo showed cross-continental collaboration without data sharing. FL Alliance still in testnet — full vision not delivered yet.
Open source transparency7/15 Established
34 GitHub repos, some actively maintained. Training node quickstart and validator code are open source. Main FLock repo is essentially empty. Core platform code and smart contracts not fully public. Academic papers peer-reviewed (NeurIPS, IEEE) add credibility.
FLock's code is public on GitHub, but about a third of its repositories carry no licence file and most have not been updated in six months. 33 non-fork repos in FLock-io carrying 244 stars, of which 12 have no licence file and 25 have not been pushed to in over 180 days. The primary repo llm-loss-validator is Apache-2.0 and was last pushed 2026-08-31, 6 days ago, with 44 stars. Largest by stars: testnet-training-node-quickstart 56 (Apache-2.0), llm-loss-validator 44 (Apache-2.0), FLock 37 (GPL-3.0). Every non-fork public repo in the project's own GitHub org, read through the REST API: licence SPDX id, star count, last push and archived state, plus the primary repo its research already names. Forks are excluded because counting somebody else's code inflates every figure. The rated figure is the count of repos with NO LICENCE, which grants no rights to anyone regardless of being public, and which moves only when a licence is added or removed. The absence is controlled rather than assumed: the licence endpoint must return Apache-2.0 for sentient-agi/OpenDeepSearch and 404 for sentient-agi/ROMA in the same run, so a 404 means no LICENSE file and not a broken probe.
Established The validator the network depends on, llm-loss-validator, is Apache-2.0 and actively pushed. The FLock-io/FLock repository holds only a licence and a README.
Overall returns potential is below average at 52/100. Strongest dimension: token utility (14/20). Weakest: revenue sustainability (5/25).
Token utility14/20
Required for staking as trainer, validator, or delegator. gmFLOCK lock-up mechanism (up to 365 days). Slashing for malicious behaviour. No burn mechanism.
Value accrual10/20
Rests on FLock's self-reported 11.9M FLOCK in fees over its first 10 months. No burn or buyback, the fee destination is undocumented, and tracked fee flow has stalled. Revenue shares go to contributors.
Supply dynamics14/20 Verified
1B fixed supply. Community tokens over 60 months with decay. FLock reports 25% of circulating locked via gmFLOCK (avg 265 days). More than half of supply still locked; significant future dilution.
“The total supply of FLOCK is capped at 1 billion tokens.” source →
Enforced in the deployed code. The implementation behind the proxy (0x22754dad1b54ce707997afce9a78a3413045f784, FlockTokenUpgradeable, verified on BaseScan) gates minting on require(currentMinted + _amount <= maxTotalSupply), and the live contract reads maxTotalSupply() = 1,000,000,000 FLOCK exactly, with currentMinted() = 484,104,268 FLOCK on 2026-10-07, so 48.4% of the cap has been issued. A per-account dailyMintLimit of 10 FLOCK is also set. None of this is immutable: the token is a transparent proxy, so both the cap value and the mint logic can be replaced by two signatures (see token_upgrade_authority). Read the three supply-relevant storage getters live, then located the mint gate in the verified source of the implementation the proxy currently points at. Ingestion only, verdict human-set.
Verified The cap is enforced by the code that is running. Read it with the upgrade authority: a 2-of-3 Safe could replace the cap along with the rest of the token logic.
Revenue sustainability5/25 Established
Fees have effectively stopped: DefiLlama's last 30 days annualise to under 1% of its trailing year (24 Sep 2026). The self-reported 11.9M FLOCK came from 16 tasks, and task creation is still centralised.
FLock's protocol fees have almost stopped: the trailing 30 days are a tiny fraction of the trailing year. DeFiLlama's adapter reports $1,171,354.42 all-time, $543,623.42 over the trailing year and $291.12 over the trailing 30 days (read 2026-09-21). The 30-day figure annualises to about $3.5K against a trailing year of $543.6K, so fee generation has effectively stopped rather than slowed. Our stored anchor of $1,171,341.15 from 2026-09-18 has moved $13 in three days, which is the same statement in a different form. DeFiLlama dimension adapters report fees and revenue as the SAME number for this protocol (no take-rate split modelled), so 'revenue' here is gross fees, not a protocol take. Our stored anchor is the all-time cumulative figure. Whole-list fetch matched locally on slug; the stored all-time anchor re-read against the live one to measure movement over a known interval. Ingestion only, verdict human-set.
Established DeFiLlama's adapter reports fees and revenue as the same number, so this is gross fees. Re-read on 2026-09-21 over 24-hour, 7-day and 30-day windows, and the stall held on all three. Score flagged for the October review.
Liquidity & access9/15 Established
Gate.io, Bybit, KuCoin, MEXC, Bitget and Coinbase across dozens of tickers. No Binance. Base chain primary; Walrus/Sui integration expanding chain footprint. Turnover swings from about a tenth of market cap to multiples of it, with Upbit the largest venue, so the flow is a Korean-market dynamic rather than depth.
FLOCK trades on Coinbase and several other major exchanges, with very high turnover led by Korean venues. 51 tickers on CoinGecko, re-read 2026-09-24 (57 on 2026-09-18). At the 18 September read Coinbase listed FLOCK (FLOCK-USD online) and Binance did not; Gate.io, Bybit, KuCoin, MEXC and Bitget all quoted it. Turnover ran a 242.98% 7-day median, with Upbit carrying about half of reported volume and Bithumb a further 9.1%. Paginated the CoinGecko ticker set, summed 24h volume per venue, queried Coinbase directly for the venue our evidence denied, and read turnover as a trailing 7-day median rather than a single day, since a one-day ratio at this level could be an artefact.
Established The turnover held for seven consecutive days, and CoinGecko's market cap over price implies about 457M circulating against a 1B maximum, so the denominator is consistent. Volume this large against a small cap is a Korean-listing dynamic and says little about depth or price stability.
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Federated training tasks, comparative validation, gmFLOCK lock-up
Task creators fund training bounties in FLOCK on AI Arena. Training Nodes submit models and Validators score them via comparative evaluation; FL Alliance fine-tunes on private local datasets using FLoRA so raw data never leaves the participant device. Protocol fees from training tasks and Moonbase API revenue accrue on Base smart contracts. gmFLOCK stakers lock FLOCK (up to 365 days, non-transferable) to back trainers and validators.
What it does
FLock.io is a decentralised AIDeAIDecentralised AI. An umbrella term for blockchain-based projects that build AI infrastructure (compute, data, inference, models, agents) without a single central provider controlling the system.Like the difference between streaming a movie from Netflix and sharing it via BitTorrent. Netflix is fast and polished but one company controls what you can watch and what you pay. BitTorrent is messier but no single operator can shut you out.DeAI in the glossary → model trainingTrainingThe one-time process of teaching a neural network to perform a task by showing it massive amounts of example data and adjusting its internal weights until the outputs are good. Training builds the model; inference uses it.Like the years an apprentice spends learning a trade. You don't see any of the actual work, just thousands of repeated mistakes gradually becoming competence. By the end, the apprentice can do the job. The training was invisible, but the skill is now permanent.Training in the glossary → and validation platform that combines federated learning with blockchain. The core promise: train AI models collaboratively without sharing raw data. Only modelModelA trained neural network that takes inputs (text, images, audio) and produces outputs (more text, classifications, generated content). In DeAI the model is the thing that actually does the work.Like a very experienced apprentice who has spent years watching thousands of masters make furniture. They can't explain how they know when a joint is right, but they can make a chair that looks and functions like a Chippendale. The training is invisible. The output is what matters.Model in the glossary → updates (gradients) are transmitted; the training data never leaves the participant’s device.
The architecture has three layers:
- AI Arena (train.flock.io): the live training platform on Base. Training Nodes submit models, Validators evaluate them via comparative scoring, and Delegators stake tokens to nodes and validators. On-chain smart contracts handle rewards and slashing.
- FL Alliance: the federated learning layer where participants fine-tune consensus models using their private local datasets. Still in testnet as of mid-2025. This is the privacy-preserving component that sets FLock apart.
- Moonbase / APIAPIApplication Programming Interface. A structured way for one piece of software to talk to another. In DeAI, APIs let applications request inference from a model without running the model themselves.Like a waiter in a restaurant. You don't walk into the kitchen and cook your own meal. You tell the waiter what you want, they tell the kitchen, the kitchen cooks it, and the waiter brings it back. The API is the waiter.API in the glossary → Platform: deployment layer launched September 2025. An OpenAI SDK-compatible API for deploying and monetising trained models, with revenue sharing for contributors. Moonbase also introduced FOMO (FLock Open Model Offering) as part of Tokenomics v3: fair-launch model tokens backed by hosting services on FLock API. Model tokenholders get discounted usage or can stake for yield.
The technical innovation is FLoRA: using Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) for efficient fine-tuningFine-tuningThe process of taking a pre-trained model and training it further on a smaller, more specialised dataset to adapt it to a specific task, domain, or style. Fine-tuning is much cheaper than training from scratch.Like hiring an experienced general practitioner doctor and giving them six months of focused training in a sub-speciality. You don't have to teach them medicine from scratch. You just narrow their expertise to the area you actually need.Fine-tuning in the glossary → with minimal compute overhead, replacing central aggregator servers with blockchain-based peer review. FLock achieved the first empirical validation of fine-tuning a 70B LLMLLMLarge Language Model. A neural network trained on vast amounts of text to predict the next word in a sequence. Modern LLMs (GPT, Claude, Llama, Qwen, DeepSeek) generate human-quality text and are the foundation of most modern AI products.Like an autocomplete that read every book ever written. It has no memory of individual texts but it has absorbed the patterns of language so deeply that it can generate paragraphs that sound human. The skill is statistical, not conscious.LLM in the glossary → in a decentralised multi-domain setting.
Founded by Jiahao Sun (MSc Computer Science, Oxford; Honorary Research Fellow, Imperial College London; former Director of AI at RBC Wealth Management). Zehua Cheng (Chief AI Scientist, DPhil candidate at Oxford) and Dr. Zhipeng Wang (Lead Blockchain Researcher, leading Ethereum Foundation-funded research) round out the technical leadership.
The entity is FLOCK.IO LTD, registered in London (Companies House #14039622, incorporated April 2022). Total funding: ~$9M, split between seed ($6M led by Lightspeed Faction and Tagus Capital, with DCG, OKX Ventures, Volt Capital) and strategic ($3M from Animoca Brands).
The academic credentials are strong: NeurIPS 2022 Best Paper Runner-up, NeurIPS 2023 Best Technical Demo, IEEE GBC 2025 Best Application Award, sole AI infrastructure recipient of an Ethereum Foundation Academic Grant (2024), and CB Insights AI 100 (2025).
Value proposition
Academic pedigree
NeurIPS 2022 Best Paper Runner-up, NeurIPS 2023 Best Demo, Ethereum Foundation grant, Oxford-led team.
On-chain revenue
FLock reports 11.9M FLOCK in protocol fees from Base smart contracts.
Tiny task volume
Just 16 training tasks completed in 10 months. Task creation still centralised to the team.
FLock addresses a hard problem. Most AI training requires centralising data, a privacy, sovereignty, and regulatory nightmare. Federated learning trains models where the data lives. FLock adds blockchain incentives (stakingStakingLocking up a cryptocurrency to help secure a blockchain network, usually in exchange for rewards. The locked tokens act as a security deposit that can be taken away if the staker misbehaves.Like putting down a large rental deposit for an apartment. You get the money back if you behave, you earn interest while it's locked, and the landlord takes it if you trash the place.Staking in the glossary →, slashing, rewards) to make this economically viable and verifiable.
Usage signals: revenue, participation, but tiny task volume
The usage metrics FLock reported for its first 10 months (2025 Earnings Report, to 31 October 2025) tell a mixed story:
- Protocol fee revenue: 11.9M FLOCK. Revenue from Base smart contracts. FLock reported this in its 2025 Earnings Report (period to 31 October 2025) denominated in tokens, and that is how we carry it.
- 784,137 validation submissions vs 9,062 training submissions, showing meaningful validatorValidatorA computer that runs the full blockchain protocol, verifies transactions, and proposes new blocks. Validators are the workers that keep a Proof of Stake network running, and they earn rewards for doing the work correctly.Like a notary public who witnesses and stamps legal documents. Validators witness transactions, check they follow the rules, and stamp them into the permanent record. A notary who commits fraud loses their license. Validators work the same way, except the license is staked tokens that get slashed on misbehaviour.Validator in the glossary → activity.
- 196 training nodes including 6 top-50 Kagglers, a quality signal.
- 262 validators and 1,416 delegators, showing substantive participation.
- 55,928 tokenTokenA digital unit of value or access rights tracked on a blockchain. Tokens can represent ownership in a project, a right to use a service, a share of future revenue, or simply a tradable asset with no underlying claim.Like a physical poker chip a casino issues. The chip itself has no value. What makes it worth something is what it lets you do at the casino, what the casino has promised, and how much other people will pay you for it.Token in the glossary → holders.
But: only 16 training tasks completed in that period. Per-task economics are impressive (roughly 740,000 FLOCK per task) but the volume is tiny. Task creation is still centralised: the FLock team decides what gets trained. Community task creation is planned but not shipped.
The gmFLOCK staking mechanism (Tokenomics v2, launched April 2025) is well-designed. Stake FLOCK to receive non-transferable gmFLOCK, required for AI Arena participation. Lock up to 365 days; longer lock means more gmFLOCK. FLock reports 25% of circulating supplyCirculating SupplyThe number of tokens currently in circulation and tradeable on the open market. Differs from total supply (which includes locked or unvested tokens) and max supply (the upper limit, if there is one).Like the number of cars on the road today versus the number ever produced. Some are in showrooms, some in junkyards, some still at the factory. Only the ones on the road count toward what people are actually driving.Circulating Supply in the glossary → voluntarily locked at an average of 265 days. That’s demonstrable long-term alignment.
The healthcare use case, including a partnership with Moorfields Eye Hospital for ophthalmology diagnostics and cross-continental collaboration on blood glucose predictionInferenceRunning a trained AI model to produce an answer. Inference is what happens when you type a prompt into ChatGPT and get a response. The model takes your input, computes a best guess, and returns it.Like asking an expert for their opinion. The training was the decades they spent becoming an expert. The inference is the 30 seconds it takes them to answer your specific question.Inference in the glossary → for diabetic patients, demonstrates the real-world applicability of the approach.
The counter-narrative: testnet status, closed-source, locked supply
The counter-narrative: FL Alliance, the core privacy-preserving federated learning layer, is still in testnet. The API Platform launched only in September 2025. Core platform code is partially closed-source. No smart contractSmart ContractA program stored on a blockchain that runs automatically when its conditions are met. Smart contracts are how blockchains do anything beyond just transferring tokens — DeFi, NFTs, DAOs, and DeAI infrastructure all run on smart contracts.Like a vending machine. You put in the right input and it produces the expected output, no human operator required. The rules are fixed in the machine itself, anyone can use it, and nobody can stop a transaction in the middle.Smart Contract in the glossary → audit has been published. And more than half of token supply is still locked, with significant future dilution ahead.
Partnerships with Qwen (Alibaba Cloud) and Animoca Brands are at the MoU stage, not revenue-generating agreements. More substantive is FLock’s role as “AI Strategic Partner” in the UNDP SDG Blockchain AcceleratorGPUGraphics Processing Unit. Originally designed to render video game graphics, GPUs turned out to be exceptionally good at the massively parallel math that AI models need. Modern AI training and inference runs almost entirely on GPUs.Like a factory with 10,000 workers doing the same simple task in parallel, versus a CPU which is more like 10 workers each doing different complex tasks. AI training involves doing simple math a million times per second on a million numbers, which is exactly what the GPU factory is designed for.GPU in the glossary → (second cohort, announced August 2025 alongside Stellar), mentoring five pilot projects across climate finance, energy access, healthcare, and supply chain. FLock participated in the UNDP High-Level Strategic Dialogue at UN Headquarters. That’s a credibility signal that carries weight beyond crypto-native partnerships.
FLock also partnered with Walrus Protocol and Sui Foundation. Walrus provides decentralised encrypted storage for gradients, and FLock is working on fine-tuning an open-source model for the Sui network. This expands the chain footprint beyond Base.
Tokenomics
FLOCK has a fixed supply of 1 billion tokens, a cap the deployed contract enforces, though a 2-of-3 Safe can upgrade that contract. The current float is shown in the fact strip above. TGETGEToken Generation Event. The moment a project's token first becomes tradeable. TGE is when vesting clocks usually start, when liquidity hits exchanges, and when public price discovery begins.Like the IPO day for a startup. Everything that happened before TGE was private valuations and paper agreements. Everything after is the public market deciding what the thing is worth in real time.TGE in the glossary → was December 31, 2024 on Base.
Distribution: community incentives 47%, team & shareholders 22.5%, treasury/ecosystem 18%, community airdropAirdropDistributing tokens for free to eligible wallets, usually to reward early users, bootstrap a community, or decentralise token ownership away from a small group of insiders at launch.Like a supermarket handing out free samples to people who already shop there. The samples cost the supermarket nothing to print. The goal is to convert casual shoppers into loyal customers by giving them something tangible to talk about.Airdrop in the glossary → 12.5%. The 66.7% community vs 33.3% insider split is better than most. Team and investor tokens have a 1-year cliffCliffA waiting period at the start of a token vesting schedule during which no tokens unlock at all. After the cliff ends, tokens begin releasing according to the vesting schedule.Like a probationary period at a new job. You don't get your stock options on day one. You wait 12 months to prove you'll stick around, then everything starts unlocking normally.Cliff in the glossary → + 2-year linear vestingVestingA schedule that locks up tokens allocated to insiders, investors, and team members, releasing them gradually over months or years. Vesting prevents insiders from dumping on public buyers immediately after launch.Like a new employee's stock options at a startup. You don't get all the shares on day one. They unlock over four years so you stick around and do the work rather than cashing out and leaving.Vesting in the glossary →. Community tokens mint over 60 months with 1% monthly decay.
The gmFLOCK mechanism creates actual lock-up: stake FLOCK to receive non-transferable gmFLOCK (required for participation). Base lock of 30 days (1:1 ratio), scaling up with longer commitments (+0.006 per additional day). FLock reports 25% of circulating supply voluntarily locked at an average of 265 days.
No burnBurnPermanently removing tokens from circulation by sending them to an address that no one controls. Burns reduce total supply, which (all else equal) makes each remaining token worth more of the network's value.Like a company buying back its own shares and shredding them. The company's total value stays the same, but each remaining share now represents a slightly bigger slice of that value.Burn in the glossary → mechanism exists. Value accrual comes through protocol fee revenue (11.9M FLOCK in 10 months, per FLock) and planned revenue sharing via the API Platform. How fees flow to token holders vs the protocol treasury isn’t explicitly documented.
FDVFDVFully Diluted Valuation. The market cap a token would have if every token that will ever exist were already in circulation. FDV is what the project would be worth if all locked, vesting, or unminted tokens were trading today.Like valuing a startup based on what every share would be worth if all the unvested employee options had already been exercised. The number is bigger and uglier than the official market cap, but it tells you the true ceiling.FDV in the glossary →/MCap ratio signals meaningful future dilution; the current float is in the fact strip above. Listed on Coinbase, Gate.io, Bybit, KuCoin, MEXC, Bitget, and CoinEx. ATHATHAll-Time High. The highest price a token has ever reached. ATH is usually quoted as a reference point for how far the current price has fallen (or risen) since the peak.Like the record lap time on a racetrack. It tells you what the car has been capable of at its absolute best, not what it will do today. Whether that record gets broken again depends on conditions that may or may not come back.ATH in the glossary → was $0.667 in September 2025 (the token now trades around 90% below it).
How to participate
Run a Training Node. Submit AI models to training tasks. Stake FLOCK via gmFLOCK. Includes top-50 Kagglers among current participants. MLMLMachine Learning. The branch of AI where systems learn patterns from data instead of being explicitly programmed with rules. Modern AI (LLMs, image generation, recommendation systems) is almost entirely machine learning.Like teaching a child to recognise dogs by showing them thousands of pictures of dogs, instead of writing down a precise rulebook for what makes a dog. The child learns the pattern from examples rather than from instructions.ML in the glossary → expertise required. Technical skill: advanced.
Stake as Validator or Delegator. Validators evaluate training submissions. Delegators stake to trusted nodes and validators. Lock FLOCK via gmFLOCK for up to 365 days. Technical skill: intermediate.
Deploy Models. Use the API Platform (Moonbase) to deploy trained models. Revenue sharing for contributors. Elite Trainer Programme offers 50% revenue share. Technical skill: intermediate.
Honest assessment
Freedom Score: 55/100
FLock has a federated learning architecture inherently designed for data privacy, strong academic credentials, and decent community token distribution. But task creation is centralised, core code is partially closed, and governance is aspirational.
Infrastructure Decentralisation: 11/20. FLock reported 196 training nodes and 262 validators to October 2025, providing verifiable multi-party training. Task creation remains centralised to the FLock team. FL Alliance (the privacy-preserving federated learning layer) still in testnet. Smart contracts on Base inherit Ethereum security.
Governance Decentralisation: 9/20. FLock’s docs describe DAODAODecentralised Autonomous Organisation. A way to coordinate decisions and manage a treasury using token-weighted voting instead of a traditional company structure. Token holders propose and vote on changes directly.Like a shareholder-run company where every shareholder can vote on every decision, the votes are public, and the company can't do anything the shareholders don't approve. The coordination is messier than a normal company but nobody has unilateral control.DAO in the glossary → governance as an initial vision, subject to change before launch. In practice, team controls task creation, protocol upgrades, and treasury. A decentralisation plan was due Q2 2025, but no evidence it was published. Governance is more described than demonstrated.
Token Distribution Fairness: 10/15. 66.7% community vs 33.3% team/investors, a good ratio. 1-year cliff + 2-year linear vest for team. Community tokens minted over 60 months with decay. 5% airdrop to testnet participants. 48.7% circulating after about 21 months is a moderate unlock pace.
Censorship Resistance: 8/15. Federated learning means data never leaves participants’ devices, a strong privacy architecture by design. The token contract is a different story. It sits behind a L2L2Layer 2. A blockchain that runs on top of an L1 to provide cheaper or faster transactions while inheriting the L1's security. L2s batch many transactions and post compressed proofs back to the L1.Like an express lane built on top of a busy motorway. The express lane handles its own traffic at high speed, but it still feeds back into the main motorway and uses the motorway's bridges and tolls for security.L2 in the glossary → proxy that a 2-of-3 multisig can replace with no timelock, and it carries an admin-controlled blacklist that blocks transfers from any address the admins name. Task creation is centralised and the API Platform is team-operated too, so there are single points of control over what gets trained, what gets served, and who can move their tokens.
Data Sovereignty: 10/15. Core value proposition is data staying with owners. FL Alliance designed for privacy-preserving training without data movement. Healthcare demo validated cross-continental collaboration without data sharing. FL Alliance still in testnet, so the full vision isn’t yet delivered.
Open Source Transparency: 7/15. 33 non-fork GitHub repos, 12 of them with no licence file, and some actively maintained. Training node quickstart and validator code are open source. Main FLock repo is near-empty (README + LICENSE only). Core platform code and smart contracts not fully public. Academic papers peer-reviewed at NeurIPS and IEEE add credibility.
Returns Score: 52/100
Token Utility: 14/20. FLOCK required for staking as trainer, validator, or delegator. gmFLOCK mechanism adds meaningful lock-up incentive (up to 365 days, with FLock reporting 25% of circulating supply voluntarily locked). Governance voting requires staking. Slashing for malicious behaviour creates concrete skin-in-the-game. Task creation will require tokens (planned). No burn mechanism.
Value Accrual: 10/20. The case rests on FLock’s self-reported figure of 11.9M FLOCK in fee revenue over its first 10 months, from its 2025 Earnings Report. No burn or buybackBuybackUsing protocol revenue to purchase tokens on the open market, usually to burn them or return them to a treasury. Buybacks convert business income into upward pressure on the token by reducing circulating supply.Like a public company using profits to repurchase and retire its own shares. The cash leaves the company's balance sheet, the share count drops, and every remaining shareholder owns a slightly bigger slice of the same business.Buyback in the glossary → exists, and FLock leaves undocumented whether fees reach holders or stay in the treasury. The fee flow itself has stalled, as the next section shows. API Platform revenue sharing and the Elite Trainer Programme’s 50% share reward contributors, and neither routes value to passive holders.
Supply Dynamics: 14/20. 1B fixed supply with no additional inflationEmissionsNew tokens created and distributed by a blockchain protocol over time as rewards to validators, stakers, or miners. Emissions fund network security and participation at the cost of diluting existing holders.Like a company that pays employees partly in newly printed shares. Every year the total number of shares goes up, which means existing shareholders own a slightly smaller slice of the same company unless the company grows faster than the printing.Emissions in the glossary →. Community tokens minted over 60 months with 1% monthly decay, a controlled emission schedule. FLock reports 25% of circulating voluntarily locked via gmFLOCK (average 265 days). Team/investor cliff-locked for 1 year + 2-year linear vest. However, more than half of supply is still locked, creating significant future dilution pressure.
Revenue Sustainability: 5/25. Fees have effectively stopped. DefiLlama’s last 30 days of FLock revenue annualise to under 1% of its trailing-year figure on a 24 September 2026 read. The self-reported 11.9M FLOCK came from only 16 training tasks, and task creation is still centralised, with community task creation not yet live.
The partnerships haven’t changed that. UNDP is active (AI Strategic Partner in SDG Blockchain Accelerator), while Animoca and Qwen remain at MoU stage. The API Platform, launched in September 2025, has no separate revenue figure in this review.
Two things qualify the headline. DefiLlama’s adapter reports about $544,000 in fees over the trailing year and $291 over the trailing 30 days on a 21 September 2026 read, so fee generation has effectively stopped rather than slowed. And the token-denominated total is the only honest way to carry it: FLock reported fees in FLOCK, and the dollar conversion depends entirely on which day you pick. Both are flagged for the next monthly review.
LiquidityLiquidityHow easily a token can be bought or sold without moving the price. High liquidity means you can enter or exit large positions quickly at the quoted price. Low liquidity means even small trades can swing the market.Like the difference between selling a house and selling a share of Apple stock. The house might be worth more on paper, but finding a buyer at that price takes weeks. The Apple share converts to cash in one click.Liquidity in the glossary → & Access: 9/15. Listed on Gate.io, Bybit, KuCoin, MEXC, CoinEx, Bitget and Coinbase, across dozens of CoinGecko tickers, providing decent CEX coverage for a small-cap project. DEXDEXDecentralised Exchange. A trading venue where token swaps happen entirely through smart contracts, with no central operator holding user funds. The largest DEXes are Uniswap, Aerodrome, Raydium, PancakeSwap, and Curve.Like a self-service vending machine that lets you swap one type of coin for another. The machine sets the exchange rate based on its current stock, anyone can deposit coins to refill it, and there's no clerk behind the counter.DEX in the glossary → liquidity on Uniswap Base and Aerodrome. Volume is the opposite of thin and that is its own warning: the 7-day median turnover ran at 243% of circulating market cap in early September and about 98% on 24 September, and about half that flow is Upbit, so this is Korean retail rotation rather than depth.
No Binance listing. OKX added a FLOCK/USDT perpetual at up to 20x on 12 September 2026, which brings margin trading but no spot book. Base chain primary, with Walrus/Sui integration expanding the chain footprint.
Quadrant: B (High Freedom, Low Returns)
FLock sits in Quadrant B: substantive data sovereignty innovation with early commercial traction, but too small and too early to demonstrate sustainable returns.
Key risks
- 16 training tasks in 10 months. Fees per task are strong (roughly 740,000 FLOCK) but the volume is tiny. Can it scale 100x?
- Centralised task creation. The team decides what gets trained. Community task creation is planned but not shipped.
- More than half of supply locked. Significant future dilution as team, investor, and community tokens unlock over the next 3+ years.
- FL Alliance still in testnet. The core privacy-preserving federated learning layer (the key differentiator) isn’t yet in production.
- Core platform partially closed-source. Smart contracts and platform logic not fully public despite open source claims.
- No smart contract audit. A protocol handling staking and slashing with no published security audit is a concern.
- Small market cap. Vulnerable to large sells. Volume means limited exit liquidity for meaningful positions.
- Competition. Bittensor, Gensyn, and others compete for decentralised AI training. FLock’s federated learning approach is differentiated but unproven at scale.
- Partnership execution. UNDP is active, but Qwen and Animoca partnerships remain at MoU stage, not revenue-generating.
The core question for FLock is whether 16 training tasks in 10 months becomes 160 in the next 10. If FL Alliance ships to mainnet and community task creation launches, the per-task economics suggest meaningful upside. If not, the 11.9M FLOCK in protocol fees is a one-off data point from a still-centralised system.
Score change log
| Date | Score | Change | Reason |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-10-07 | Data | N/A | Liquidity wording: 7-day median turnover fell from about 100% to about 32% of market cap in early October, so the frontmatter now gives the range. Scores unchanged. |
| 2026-10-04 | Data | N/A | Liquidity evidence adds OKX’s FLOCK/USDT perpetual (up to 20x), listed 12 September 2026 per OKX’s announcement. Scores unchanged. |
| 2026-10-04 | Returns | Liquidity & Access 8 → 9 (Returns 51 → 52, D held) | Coinbase lists FLOCK and turnover runs near a full circulating cap a day, though about half of it trades on Upbit. |
| 2026-09-25 | Score | Returns 57 → 51 (C → D) | Revenue Sustainability 8 → 5: DefiLlama’s last 30 days annualise to under 1% of the trailing year. Value Accrual 13 → 10: it rested on the self-reported 11.9M FLOCK, with no burn or buyback and an undocumented fee destination. |
| 2026-09-24 | Data | N/A | Phase 5 sweep: the 11.9M FLOCK fee and usage figures attributed to FLock’s 2025 Earnings Report (no longer “verified on-chain”), trailing fees refreshed to DefiLlama’s September read, locked share, turnover, repo count and venue wording refreshed, past unlock date dropped. Scores unchanged. |
| 2026-09-23 | Data | N/A | Integrity records re-cut: 2 claims now quote FLock’s own pages verbatim and 5 are our own measurements. Scores unchanged. |
| 2026-09-07 | Data | N/A | WS3b open-source rail: our evidence checks out, including the near-empty main repo. Adds that 12 of 33 repos carry no licence and 25 have gone six months untouched, while the validator the network depends on was pushed this week. Open Source 7/15 held. |
| 2026-09-06 | Data | N/A | Research JSON resynced to the frontmatter Returns breakdown. Revenue Sustainability read 9 in the JSON after the 2026-09-05 move to 8 never propagated. No published score changed. |
| 2026-09-06 | Data | N/A | WS3b liquidity rail: two corrections. Coinbase does list FLOCK (FLOCK-USD online, checked at Coinbase), against our no-Binance-or-Coinbase line, and turnover is a 242.98% 7-day median with Upbit at 49.7% of flow, against our volume-adequate-but-not-deep line. Liquidity & Access 8/15 flagged for October. |
| 2026-09-05 | Returns | Revenue Sustainability 9 → 8 (Returns 58 → 57, C held) | Trailing-year revenue fell 26.3% between 11 Jun and 16 Aug 2026 once the basis was rebased off a cumulative all-time total, and the last 30 days annualise to 7% of the trailing year. The token-denominated total was never wrong; the dollar headline was a frozen price conversion. |
| 2026-08-16 | Data | N/A | Corrected “Base L2 contracts are immutable”: the FLOCK token is a transparent proxy upgradeable by a 2-of-3 Safe with no timelock, and it carries an admin-gated blacklist that blocks transfers. Censorship Resistance 8/15 and Governance 9/20 flagged for monthly review. |
| 2026-08-15 | Data | N/A | Circulating supply de-hardcoded and bound. The stated ~41% was 2.8pp stale against 43.75% of max supply. |
| 2026-08-10 | Data | N/A | WS3 holder-source: authored token_distribution_fairness (match, onchain). Base top-10 ex-infra ~44% = D1 moderate, consistent with the claimed 66.7% community / 33.3% team ratio (10/15). Re-check flagged: the largest holder is a 28.95% unlabelled EOA that could shift the read if it is a team wallet. No score change. |
| 2026-08-17 | Data | N/A | Correction. The $2.7M revenue headline was 11.9M FLOCK converted at an Oct-2025 price; the same tokens are worth ~$355K today. All 14 surfaces re-denominated in FLOCK, per the price-agnostic rule. Scores flagged for the monthly. |
| 2026-06-26 | Data | N/A | DefiLlama LlamaAI harvest cross-check, verified independently (CoinGecko + api.llama.fi). Refreshed circulating to ~41% (~410M of 1B, from 38.7%) and the locked share to ~59% (from 68.5%) on continued vesting; mainnet age to ~18 months; added the ATH figure ($0.667, Sep 2025, ~95% below). Harvest surfaced a revenue-deceleration signal worth recording: DefiLlama’s trailing-12-month tracked fees are ~$1.07M and the on-chain run-rate is down ~52% month-on-month, so the $2.7M cumulative FLOCK-denominated headline overstates the current pace. Revenue Sustainability (9/25) held this pass but flagged for monthly-review reassessment. No score change. |
| 2026-06-02 | Data | N/A | Circulating supply corrected from 31.5% (~315M) to 38.7% (~387M of 1B) per CoinGecko; “14 months” → “17 months” since TGE; removed stale “3.16x” FDV/MCap absolute. Score unchanged. June monthly review. |
| 2026-04-06 | Data | N/A | Added UNDP SDG Blockchain Accelerator partnership, Walrus/Sui integration, FOMO (Tokenomics v3), Moorfields Eye Hospital naming. No score changes. |
| 2026-03-24 | Data | N/A | Editorial data review and correction. Verified against on-chain sources. |
| 2025-03-06 | Both | N/A | Initial publish. Freedom 60/100, Returns 58/100. |
Team overview
MSc Computer Science, University of Oxford. BSc Maths & CS, University of Liverpool. Honorary Research Fellow, Imperial College London. Former Director of AI at RBC Wealth Management.
| Round | Amount | Date | Lead |
|---|---|---|---|
| pre-seed | $6.0M | 2024-03-01 | Lightspeed Faction, Tagus Capital |
| strategic | $3.0M | 2024-12-01 | Animoca Brands |
Source: OYM Research · Last updated 2026-10-19
Technical snapshot
Three-layer decentralised AI training system: (1) AI Arena — decentralised training on Base with training nodes, validators, and delegators. (2) FL Alliance — federated learning layer for privacy-preserving fine-tuning (testnet). (3) Moonbase/API Platform — model deployment and monetisation (launched Sept 2025). Uses FLoRA (LoRA-based efficient fine-tuning). First empirical 70B LLM fine-tuning in decentralised multi-domain setting.
Commit Activity
Community
Source: OYM Research · Last updated 2026-10-19
Tokenomics deep dive
Token utility
- Staking to participate as trainer, validator, or delegator
- gmFLOCK lock-up mechanism (up to 365 days)
- Governance voting
- Slashing for malicious behaviour
- Future: task creation fees
Source: OYM Research · Last updated 2026-10-19
FLOCK Supply Simulator
Scenario Parameters
Circulating Supply Projection
Supply projections only. Token price held constant at $0.0439 (snapshot 19 Oct 2026). No burn mechanism. This is not financial advice.
Participation at a glance
Run a training node to submit AI models to training tasks. Stake FLOCK via gmFLOCK mechanism. Top-50 Kagglers among current nodes.
Stake FLOCK as a validator (evaluate training submissions) or delegator (stake to nodes/validators). Lock via gmFLOCK for up to 365 days.
Deploy trained models via the API Platform (Moonbase). Revenue sharing for model contributors. Elite Trainer Programme offers 50% revenue share.
Source: OYM Research · Last updated 2026-10-19
Usage and traction
Data from: FLock Fed Ledger API (fed-ledger-prod.flock.io/api/v1/stats/validators per task), read 2026-10-07; FLock 2025 Earnings Report for the October 2025 figures in usage_notes (2026-10-07)
Research note, 2026-10-07: 16 training tasks completed. 9,062 training submissions. 784,137 validation submissions. 196 training nodes (incl. 6 top-50 Kagglers). 262 validators. 1,416 delegators. 55,928 token holders. 11.9M FLOCK protocol fee revenue in first 10 months. Re-read 2026-10-07 from FLock's Fed Ledger API: 25 tasks listed, all finalized (23 numbered tasks plus two test tasks), the latest (#23, a robotics VLA pilot) closing validation on 29 July 2026, so no task was open on the read date. 41 validator wallets scored on task #23 and 290 distinct validator wallets across all tasks; per-task validator counts fell from 132 on task #1 to 41-59 on tasks #19-#23. The 262 above is FLock's October 2025 report figure.
Source: OYM Research · Last updated 2026-10-19
Community
Source: OYM Research · Last updated 2026-10-19
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